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security (7)

certifi — Mozilla CA Certificate Bundle

Package-level reference for certifi on PyPI — what the bundle contains, install, integration with requests / urllib3 / ssl, alternatives.
pip package tls security http

cryptography — Recipes and Hazmat for Python Crypto

Package-level reference for the cryptography library on PyPI — install, version policy, Fernet, asymmetric keys, X.509, and TLS contexts.
pip package crypto security tls

markupsafe — Safe String Escaping for HTML/XML

Package-level reference for markupsafe on PyPI — install, the Markup class, escape semantics, and its role as a Jinja2/Flask/Django dependency.
pip package template web security

codesign — macOS Code Signing, Notarization & Stapling

End-to-end macOS distribution pipeline — sign binaries and app bundles with codesign, notarize with notarytool, staple tickets with stapler, and verify Gatekeeper acceptance with spctl.
codesign macos security signing notarization gatekeeper distribution cli web-researched

gpg — OpenPGP Encryption & Signing

Practical GnuPG cheat sheet — generate keys, sign and verify files, encrypt for a recipient, sign git commits and tags, and manage trust without the bureaucracy.
gpg security crypto signing encryption cli web-researched

SSH Tunnels & Port Forwarding

Local, remote, and dynamic SSH tunnels — port forwarding, SOCKS proxies, jump hosts, ssh_config directives, agent forwarding, autossh persistence, post-quantum key exchange, and operational recipes.
ssh networking tunnels security socks proxy bastion autossh ssh-agent post-quantum web-researched

Security Fundamentals — Users, Permissions, Capabilities, MAC, Sandboxing

OS-level security primitives every operator should know: users and groups, file permissions, Linux capabilities, SUID/SGID, mandatory access control (SELinux, AppArmor), sandboxing concepts, least privilege, and encryption at rest vs in transit.
security users groups permissions capabilities suid sgid selinux apparmor sandbox encryption mac sysadmin